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The Three-stage quantum cryptography protocol is a method of data encryption that uses random polarization rotations by both Alice and Bob, the two authenticated parties, that was proposed by Subhash Kak.〔Kak, S., A three-stage quantum cryptography protocol. Foundations of Physics Letters, vol. 19, pp.293-296, 2006.〕 In principle, this method can be used for continuous, unbreakable encryption of data if single photons are used.〔Chen, Y. et al, Embedded security framework for integrated classical and quantum cryptography in optical burst switching networks. Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2, pp. 546-554, 2009.〕 It is different from methods of QKD (quantum key distribution) for it can be used for direct encryption of data, although it could also be used for exchanging keys. The basic idea behind this method is that of sending secrets (or valuables) through an unreliable courier by having both Alice and Bob place their locks on the box containing the secret, which is also called double-lock cryptography. Alice locks the box with the secret in it and it is transported to Bob, who sends it back after affixing his own lock. Alice now removes her lock (after checking that it has not been tampered with) and sends it back to Bob who, similarly unlocks his lock and obtains the secret. In the braided form, only one-pass suffices but here Alice and Bob share an initial key.〔 Thomas, J.H. Variations on Kak’s three stage quantum cryptography protocol. http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.2888 〕〔Darunkar, B. and P.Verma, "The braided single-stage protocol for quantum-secure communication," SPIE.DDS Conf., Baltimore, MD, May 5-9, 2014.〕 The basic polarization rotation scheme has been implemented in hardware by Pramode Verma in the quantum optics laboratory of the University of Oklahoma.〔A multi-photon approach to quantum cryptography http://www.kurzweilai.net/a-multi-photon-approach-to-quantum-cryptography (Feb 10, 2015 )〕 〔Quantum optics lab. http://www.ou.edu/coe/tcom/research/quantum-optics1.html (Feb 10, 2015 )〕 In this method more than one photon can be used in the exchange between Alice and Bob and, therefore, it opens up the possibility of multi-photon quantum cryptography.〔Mandal, S. et al. Multi-photon implementation of three-stage quantum cryptography protocol. International Conference on Information Networking, Bangkok, 2013.〕 This works so long as the number of photons siphoned off by the eavesdropper is not sufficient to determine the polarization angles. A version that can deal with the man-in-the-middle attack has also been advanced.〔Chan, K.W.C. et al, Multi-photon quantum key distribution based on double-lock encryption. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05793〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Three-stage quantum cryptography protocol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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